Arbitration Practice in Construction Contracts

Question: Examine about the Arbitration Practice in Construction Contracts. Answer: Presentation: Initially, the structure grants to remake the structure should be procured. The redesign of the structure will imply that the structure will meddle with different structures which are around the area. The law requires the grant to be accommodated the structure so as to improve the individual wellbeing of the individuals. The laws will likewise guarantee that the individuals allowed to complete the redesign works are qualified and that they won't meddle with the wellbeing proportions of others. Tainting and dumping laws then again will require to be hold fast to. The laws on the dumping of the garbage from the remodel will require least removal on various area to improve the security of the others. Likewise, the law states and gives the various areas where the removal of the squanders must be done to diminish the sullying of the earth. Furthermore, during the remaking, adequately gear are utilized. Sound laws necessitates that base sound must be given to assurance others from the impedance. What's more, the law addresses the security of the individuals on the site by giving the necessary individual assurance against the sound to upgrade their wellbeing. The ventilation laws will improve the lighting and air flow on the structure. As indicated by this law, the remodel of the structure requires to have some key determination concerning the air dissemination and light to suit the store detail. Likewise, the law will have the option to express the stature of the structure to improve the development of the individuals when the redesign is finished. Individual cleanliness is another law which will require the recreation of the store to follow. This will assist with giving the clean condition, where the individuals chipping away at site will be going for the short and long calls (Hughes, Murdoch, champion, 2015, p.31). Furthermore, this law will have the option to express the condition of the food and water which the individuals will be taking. Natural insurance laws are another arrangement of rules which the structure should apply and hold fast to. These laws will express the connection of the structure with the current ecological structure (Hughes, Murdoch, champion, 2015, p.71). For example, in the expansion of the various parts, the tree on the area must be cut on the unavoidable conditions. Different components of the earth should be secured and the dependable work force should make the application to get the important grant that they will shield the earth from the concerned power. What's more, since this is a redesign works, the contravtor ought to have the option to appky to the laws of waste and particularly when they uave to revonnect theor seepage to the current one. As indicated by the laws, the contractual worker ought to have the option to express the manner in which the individual in question would meddle with the usefulness of existing seepage framework assuming any. Also, the laws require for brief waste framework which is practical. The contractual worker ought to have the option to ensure that the structures of the seepage can consent to the laws and along these lines ready to upgrade the individual wellbeing of the individuals. On location Safety laws will improve the wellbeing of the individuals dealing with site. These laws will have the option to address the distinctive individual use of devices and the need to have the best possible assurance wear for the individuals on location (Stephenson, 2012, p. 35). Furthermore, the capable staff and organizations ought to have the option to express their dedication in guaranteeing legitimate wellbeing for all the individuals on location. The individual security rules will remember any applicable getting paperwork done for various areas just as the boundary. Appropriate trainings for the laborers is additionally part of the individual security necessities which the building site should hold fast to. This will guarantee that the laborers can limit the mishaps on location. What's more, course get to laws are others which the reproduction of the structure should agree to (Punmia, 2014, wellbeing (Stephenson, 2012, p. 67). This will assist with ensuring that the augmentations which will be made don't meddle with the current directing. In addition, the steering in the structure will assist with guaranteeing that the diverse development materials can move openly. The unmistakable dispersing for the materials on location ought to be accomplished so as to limit the mishaps on the site. In conclusion, since the works includes the recreation and remodel, fire wellbeing rules must be watched. The reproduction should guarantee that the best possible putting out fires hardware and measures are followed. The current force gracefully gauges which are intended to guarantee that they don't cause any mishaps will be required and that r wellbeing is as per the current laws. Single amount contract Agreements are legitimate withstanding rules between the customer and contractual worker giving the detail and conditions to the development works. One of the significant agreement which can apply on this sort of development is the Lump Sum or fixed value contract type. This agreement is most appropriate for this venture since it has away from and the term for the fulfillment of the exercises should be possible. In this kind of agreement, the developer or temporary worker can accept all the dangers identified with the development works. The unexpected changes on any work nearby will be expected by the contractual worker at some random time. Furthermore, on this agreement, full sum for all works is determined and any progressions won't be introduced to the customer for extra expense caused (Hughes, Murdoch, champion, 2015, p. 79). The characterized works which must be carriecontracts this venture requires this kind of agreement. The redesign of the store will be completed for a particular period and less obstruction with work will be required (Haidar, 2011, p. 54). This will incite for utilization of this kind of agreement where the contractual worker has full control of the exercises (Punmia, 2014, p. 67). The temporary worker will improve the control of dangers and guaranteeing that they don't go over the edge of the expressed sum. In the detail, the agreement needs to incorporate the expenses of the dangers which the person in question may cause since the agreement will be not able to change once marked. This guarantees the contractual worker will have the option to complete the specified work on the specified time. Cost in addition to contract. Cost in addition to contract is another kind of agreement which can be applied on this redesign development action. As indicated by this agreement, the customer and the temporary worker has some particular which they need to do. On this agreement, the genuine costs, buys or different costs are haggled through and the installments for the particular exercises are settled upon. Additionally, regarding the dangers, the expenses of the dangers will be shared by the particular exercises which the gatherings have settled upon. In this agreement, extraordinary data must be remembered for what various gatherings needs to embrace and when they are required to finish their work. This is on the grounds that their fruition will decide when others should begin their work (Haidar, 2011, p. 54). The arranged cost in the agreement must incorporate the temporary workers overhead expenses and the benefits. The dangers will be as per the thickness and level of exercises which the gatherings are embrace d. The customers too has a few dangers which the individual in question needs to expect. The customers needs to choose various temporary workers for the various exercises. The dangers will consequently be shared among the accessible contractual workers and the customer as per the predetermined duty. The more the duty a temporary worker or customer has the more the dangers they uncovered by the agreements determination. References Hughes, W., Murdoch, J. R., Champion, R. (2015). Development contracts: law and the executives. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truescope=sitedb=nlebkdb=nlabkAN=981118. Worldwide alliance of bookkeepers. (2001). Development contracts. New York, N.Y., International Federation of Accountants. Stephenson, D. A. (2012). Assertion Practice in Construction Contracts. Hoboken, Spon Press. https://public.eblib.com/decision/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=180989. Punmia DR. B.C. (2014). A course book of Production Planning and Management. Haidar, A. D. (2011). Worldwide cases in development. London, Springer. https://public.eblib.com/decision/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=799017.

Comparing Fog in James Dickey’s Fog Envelops the Animals the Novel Deliverance :: Compare Contrast Comparison

Contrasting Fog in James Dickey’s Haze Envelops the Animals the Novel Deliverance Composed before Deliverance, James Dickey’s Haze Envelops the Animals depicts a tracker in a thick haze of haze. He is remaining in the woodland with just his bolts, a bow, and the intuition to murder or be executed. The climate conditions are poor for chasing, yet it doesn't make a difference. The bold speaker strolls into the backwoods where all you see are his teeth, and they vanish into the haze: lines of candles go out (25). The man is totally eaten up by the haze but is resolved to remain there and chase. Mist assumes a major job in Deliverance too. Since Deliverance is a novel, in contrast to a sonnet, it gives all of us the foundation and subtleties that are fundamental to getting a handle on the full importance and thought of what is happening. Ed Gentry has quite recently woken up in his tent, in the forested areas. He wouldn't like to awaken his amigos so he strolls outside and finds the mist. The mist over the stream is calling him to enter it and to substantiate himself to the forested areas just as to his companions. So he goes into the tent, puts on a couple of long johns, and strings his bow. He continues to stroll outside, behind the tent, and enter the woods. Ed says his hands are by his sides [†¦]; I remained with the haze destroying me (94). The speaker of the sonnet says, My hands consume with smoldering heat at my sides (12). This could simply be a fortuitous event, however the two characters to be remaining in a similar position is profoundly far-fetched. The topic of both sonnet and novel is that a man is attempting to achieve chasing for his pride and the regard of his companions. Ed demonstrates he is chasing for pride and for the regard of his companions when he says, I should make some demonstration of doing what I said I had desired and All I had truly needed was to remain away a sensible time span, long enough for the others to wake and discover me gone [†¦]. That would fulfill respect (95). Ed is a city kid disappointed with work and love and to remunerate he goes on this outing against his better judgment. The four residents should not be being in the woods, the one in particular that has made a propensity for chasing is Ed's companion Lewis.

December Random Thoughts and Suggestions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

December Random Thoughts and Suggestions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions December Random Thoughts and Suggestions Here are a few random thoughts and suggestions about UGA Admissions for December: When you are applying, please be sure you include the correct information in your application. Items are matched by name, social, date of birth, high school code, etc. If any of this information is incorrect it could prevent us from being able to match material to your file. If your social is not on your SAT/ACT, your scores may not match up automatically to your file. If the name on your exam does not match the name on your application, our system will not be able to match your scores to your file. If you find discrepanciesbetween information on your ACT/SAT and your application, please call us so we can manually match things. We are pretty much caught up with material submitted by mail. It can still take up to 10 business days for us to match material to a file (business days do not include weekends or holidays, only days that our office is open). We are able to accept any SAT/ACT that is taken in January for Regular Decision as long as you designate UGA as a school to automatically receive your test scores. Again, please be sure the name on your exam matches the name on your application. This is especially important if you did not use your social on your SAT and/or ACT. We will not start reviewing transfer decisions for summer applicants until late January at the earliest. We will begin looking at fall transfers after that. If you have any questions about when applications are reviewed, when we will begin to make decisions, etc., please review this post on Timelines. Our office will not be open from December 25 until January 2. This means any information sent during this time will not be matched up until we return and have a chance to start working again. We want to see your fall grades, so be sure to send an updated transcript or include them in the update section of your application. Please do not send in multiple copies of the same document. Once you have submitted something, we will need up to 8 to 10 business days to match that document to your file. If you send in multiple copies of the same document you have doubled or even tripled our work! Remember, no faxes! The shredder sits conveniently next to our fax machine for a reason. Enjoy the holiday break! Go Dawgs!

Wuthering Heights Childs Emotions vs. Adult Emotions

Child Emotions vs. Adult Emotions By Andrea Lee All appearances said that Catherine Linton was as grown up as she could be, she was married and quite past the age when one is considered an adult. But, if one would look just a little farther, they could see that in all her rebelliousness she is maintaining a carefully constructed faà §ade, created to look adult while she spends hours of time dreaming about the childhood that she wished would last forever. When we first see Catherine enter Nellys story she selfishly wanted the gift that her father promised her despite the fact that her father had gone out of his was to help a little boy that was all alone in the world. This is the first view of the selfish little girl emotions that†¦show more content†¦She selfishly wanted Heathcliff to love her like she loved him and still be okay with her love for Edgar at the same time. Even sick and delirious she inherently and selfishly wants and believes she can have the best of both worlds. We all have childish thoughts and feelings sometimes but when that is all one has that is when one can see a child trapped in an adults body. One with a few childish thoughts is normal but one with an overpoweringly childish way of living is and always should be labeled a child. These people cannot make adult choices nor have adult opinions because their emotions are rooted in childish dreams.

Race History and Major Milestones

Underground to Canada Free Essays

Julilly is a slave at the Hensen plantation, with her mother, Mammy Sally. When a Slave trader from the deep South comes to choose his field hands, he rips Julilly from the arms of her loving mother and sends her into his cart. Both of them are devastated. We will write a custom essay sample on Underground to Canada or any similar topic only for you Order Now When she arrives at the Riley plantation in Mississippi after the long trip, Julilly meets Liza, and they become instantly inseperable. They fantasize about the promised land, Canada. When Massa Ross comes to visit and chooses Lester Adam and Ben to show him the best â€Å"bird watching† area, He really secretly tells them how to escape to Canada. Lester immediately tells Julilly, who tells Liza. 3 days later after hearing 3 calls of the whippoorwill, the meet Massa Ross in the forest, to create a plan. Liza and Julilly disguise themselves as boys, and the run away. On the trip, they overcome so many obstacles, and take so many risks, but in the end they make it. However, they could never have made it without the help of the â€Å"Underground Railway†. On the way, Julilly and Liza encounter some horrible news. Adam died of blood poisoning. Fortunately though, Lester has made it, and has a job in the town of St-Catharines. When Julilly and Liza make it to St Catharines, Angry Lester becomes sheepish as he tells Julilly about a surprise for her. As he is telling her, someone comes out of the kitchen. Julilly is overjoyed, because it is none other than MAMMY SALLY! How to cite Underground to Canada, Papers

Important Factors in Employee Motivation free essay sample

Important Factors in Employee Motivation The motivation of employees is one of the most vital requirements in the contemporary business development. People from all works of life may hold distinct views towards the topic that what are the radical motivating factors. Actually, it was salary that used to be considered as the most important motivators, as financial reward was comparatively proposed to be traded on impelling hirelings motivation, according to some early theories(Wiley,1997). However, some different factors of motivation, which now are universally favored by companies and conglomerates, may be more essential than personal emolument. This essay attempts to demonstrate these major factors in motivating employees, including empowerment, esteem demands and compensation in both physical and psychological aspects. Delegating more responsibility to workers is an efficacious way to increase job satisfaction, as well as employees motivation (Herzberg,1987 cited in Madura,2008).It means employees may be motivated by being involved in general affairs or being offered the power to participate in decision making, which can be equivalently called empowerment (Madura,2008) and this has been executed at numerous companies or by some notable people such as Warren Buffet. Once he left the investment in his manager and employees charge even without any periodical supervision, only in the case that the manager demanded to have a deliberation for exigent matters.Therefore,the personnels were empowered and they would devote all themselves to work, in order to accomplish a better consequence, since so colossal responsibility were on their shoulders (Luke,2011). Strikingly, it not only promoted the production but also increased employees enthusiasm and required capacity for later work. In addition, Tesco, a world famous conglomerate for commodity and service offering, also attaches importance to responsibility delegation.It stages informal discussion annually, deliberating salary raise with the workers and constantly adopt proper recommendations for food going onto the cartes in its restaurants from the staff. Employees thence be motivated to provide their enterprise with creative and proper ideas(The Times 100, 2010), cumbering with considerable duties. Equally important, esteem demands such as self-respect and respect from others,especially recognition for the works the employees have done can impel motivation to a certain extent.Full appreciation for hard work could helps erect self-esteem by concentrating on employees value for the firm and then the company may capacitate employees to reach their needs (Madura,2008). Nonetheless, although employees do need appreciation for work done, investigation illustrates that employers merely acknowledge recognition for e mployees work . Also, principles for presenting appreciation, consisting of description of required actions, explanation for appreciating and expressing gratitudes (Cherrington, 1992, pp. 2-3,cited in Wiley, 1997) should be followed, otherwise, it might be invalid. Take Tesco for example, it usually makes its employees feel satisfied in work by communicating with them regularly to help employees set individual goals and sum up the work they have done. Whats more,Tesco invites its workers to participate in a survey named Viewpoint every year, affording them the chances to present any opinions on nearly all fields of their work. Thus, employee motivation becomes higher as the value they have in various aspects are recognized and get the respect from their firms.Sufficient compensations related to employee outstanding achievement, can have positive effects on reinforcing employees because people will usually be motivated by being rewarded for their work. Financial rewards, together with non-financial factors, contributes to peoples getting into the swing of their job. For example, some firms like Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company offers bonuses to workers based on its profi t and the average money that Nucor pays to its employees as premiums can even be more than the medial base salary(Madura,2008). Both of the two companies compensate employees with financial rewards. Apart from that,some non-financial factors may do a more adequate job of motivating workers, such as personal skill promoting and developing opportunities (The Times 100,2010). According to Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory, self-actualization is the final category to reach but beneficial to people if fulfilled. Best Buy organized a program to gather some employees to work and live together, getting trainings and texts. Meanwhile they were required to discuss to think of ideas for their goods sale.During this program, people who performed well in the groups can even had an opportunity to get extra management training and they then would be more likely to get promotion. Consequently, Best Buy motivated employees by promoting them with additional trainings as compensations besides pay raises and could enhance the enterprises creativity at the same time (Reena,2009 cited in Luke, 2011). Still some people, however, may insist on advocating salary as the most important factor in motivating.Although it is true that payment, as a kind of physiological need among five categories of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, is the foundation that people depend on for existence, it will not absolutely result in increasing of staffs activeness. Instead, inadequacy of hygiene needs will lead to employees dissatisfaction for work. Dissatisfaction dose not mean no satisfaction because dissatisfaction may produce negative influence while no satisfaction will just keep unchangeable(Herzberg, 1987). As a result, adequate salary will only prevent employees from becoming dissatisfied rather than motivating them.Furthermore, as market conditions have transformed speedily and innovation continues, most people do not just work for money to survive, but for experiencing the life and actualizing personal worth. In this case, salary may have almost little effect in motivating, compared with other mo tivators mentioned above. From what have been discussed above, motivation now is extremely a significant problem in management of business and companies all over the world and it is widely acknowledged that fundamental factors to motivate employees need to be correctly understand.Management practices in companies and theories published by experts both contribute to the fact that important factors in motivation are complex and more than just salary. Delegating responsibility to employees can empowers them to be more active in work and appreciating the work they have done will meet individual esteem needs, preventing them from feeling undervalued. While compensation includes salary raises and non-financial rewards both can affect employees job satisfaction related to motivation.

The Features of the Tunic during the Ancient Middle East Period and Today

Invasion of Australia Essay Example

Invasion of Australia Essay Example Invasion of Australia Essay Invasion of Australia Essay Invasion, Settlement or Colonisation For over 60,000 years Aboriginal people lived on this continent, owning, caring for and being sustained by the land. With their deep knowledge of nature and respect for the environment in which they lived, they developed a successful economy and a rich spiritual and cultural life. 1788 saw the arrival of Europeans and the decimation of the aboriginal people. 1. Enter territory with armed forces to attack, damage or occupy it. 2. Crowd in; tourists invaded the city. 3. Penetrate harmfully; the disease had invaded all parts of the body. Invasion suggests that there was already an inhabitant of the land and that the land of the inhabitants was. It also suggests that there was force used in claiming the land from its original inhabitants through use of military force. The European government that came to colonise Australia referred to the land as Terra Nullius, which means land that belongs to no one. They divided up land that was not theirs and built houses and farms. The aborigines were seen as savages. 1. Not civilized; barbaric: a savage people. 2. Ferocious; fierce: in a savage temper. The Aborigines were forced off their native land and when they opposed they were shot, hung or executed by other means. One such occasion was the Battle of Pinjarra. They might have called it the Battle of Pinjarra but like all of the massacres of the Aborigines it was more a case of wholesale slaughter than of some equally poised, European-style battle.Wrote Bruce Elder in his book Blood on the Wattle: the massacres and maltreatment of Australian Aborigines. Invasion, Settlement or Colonisation.

Women and Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women and Film - Essay Example In her revised ‘incarnation’ as Madonna, the average American must be enjoying a hearty laugh to look at the badgered hair, unclean strapless taffeta outfits and dotted black leather. It also indicates Madonna’s influence in the fashion world of America in that period. Fashion of the 80s is not just the symbol of change in lifestyles, financial and social status. Rather than the external embellishments, it refers to the inner world of the personalities and gives lessons for the spectators. The director has chosen the utilities like dress, acting mode, talk, interaction and behavior to make the audience understand, what happens when a mask is identified with a real face. The story relates to the psyche of housewives like Roberta who are fed-up with the routine of the middle class with nothing exciting and challenging happening in their lives. In this specific case, Roberta’s hot tub-selling husband ignores her. She desperately wants to come out of the cob-web of life of a stereotype housewife and achieve something sterling in life. She finds excitement in the relationship of Jim and Susan and their style of communication. Destiny plays its part and when Roberta is mistaken for Madonna, she is in a peculiar predicament as she has to survive with Madonna, Jim and her husband and the mob—desperate to know what the truth is! The message of the movie is profound. It highlights the level of desperation and the moves the housewife makes to breathe the air of freedom, when she has to live with her feelings suppressed and where she does not even have the freedom to choose the haircut that she wants. There is a reason why the director chooses the â€Å"free spirit† of Madonna in the movie. In the 80s culture, Madonna has great impact on the world of entertainment in America and her style is most copied, majority of women revere her as the role model. In the culture of the 80s, she is

Lesson 14 discussions and assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lesson 14 discussions and assignment - Coursework Example Rock ‘n’ roll transformed teenagers into a marketing concept. On 13th October 1958, pop singer Jo Stafford commented that â€Å"Rock ‘n’ roll is an economic thing† (History-of-rock.com, n.d.). Teenagers were considered as the first generation to become a sufficient market for rock ‘n’ roll because they were given enough money by their parents to buy music in large quantities that can influence the music market. Rock ‘n’ roll music got the attention of youth since 1952. The economy had allowed them to owned radios and televisions. Because ‘n’ and roll was becoming popular, radios and televisions played it regularly (History-of-rock.com, n.d). The music was easy to dance to, appealing mainly to teenagers who saw fun in dancing. The music was therefore played for dance in the inner-city, especially black schools, and parties for white schools. The income channeled to music in 1950s also benefited the increasing range of advertisers targeting teenagers (Campbell and Brody, 1999). Teen-oriented radio stations and television programmes (e.g. American Bandstand) were also developed to meet the increasing teenage demand for rock ‘n’ roll music. Teenagers also purchased rock ‘n’ roll music records as a way of rebelling against adults in order to assert their generational identity. In the subsequent decades, the strategies for marketing rock music changed as technologies and recording studios became an avenue for marketing music in 1960s and 1970s (Campbell and Brody, 1999). New generation record producers such as Smokey Robinson and Brian Wilson had a commercial challenge to widen the concept of music beyond rock ‘n’ roll, and to target a wider sphere of teenage

The Likert Scale and Manipulation Checks in Research

The Likert Scale and Manipulation Checks in Research The independent variable is the status and the dependent variables are rule compliance and hierarchy-enhancing beliefs. The study collects the data through an online survey, uses a likert scale, and incorporated manipulation checks into its experimental design. It is a between subject design. Its weakness lies with its lowered external validity. Firstly, the survey was conducted online. Hence, the computerized system would be able to manage the order in which question were shown, controlling the questions in which it was being answered (Wan, 2014). This also eliminates the need for researchers to code their answer into a format that can be analysed by statistical program which could sometimes results in mistakes when transferring the data from paper to software. It is also impersonal and can help decrease the effect of social desirability as compared to a scenario in which the survey was administered by the experimenter (Wan, 2014). Secondly, the study uses a likert scale. Dependent variables are measured with the use of a likert scale instead of a simple dichotomous categorical answer. This allows the researcher to measure the degree in which a particular construct is felt rather than it just being felt or not. This is important as the hypothesis wants to measure not just the presence of rule compliance and hierarchy-enhancing beliefs, but the level (â€Å"lower† vs â€Å"stronger†) of it. Items on the measurement scale were being reverse coded and can help to counter acquiescent bias (Wan, 2014). The effect of acquiescent bias can be measure on a bipolar scale such as what was used for measuring the hierarchy-enhancing beliefs, from a â€Å"strongly disagree† to a â€Å"strongly agree† (Hinz, Michalski, Schwarz, Herzberg, 2007). However, the scale testing the rule compliance construct is unipolar. It also uses multiple item scale. This helps to average out participant random error within a scale, making it more reliable (Wan, 2014). The scale that was used to measure the hierarchy enhancing beliefs was used in past research to measure the same construct, increasing the confidence we have that they are more valid than other measurements of hierarchy enhancing beliefs (White McBurney, 2013). While the odd point likert scale has its advantages, it also has drawbacks. By doing using an odd-point scale, researchers did not force participants to take a side. Participants could clearly state that they feel neutral about an item rather than choosing one mild directional response over the other when they do not really feel that way. This will enable the scale to reflect what the participants really feel. However, the interpretation of mid-point is entirely up to the participants as there are only two anchors on the extreme end of the 5-point scale. One participant’s interpretation of the mid-point might not be the same as another participant. For example, one participant might choose the mid-point if they do not have an opinion about it, but another participant could also choose the mid-point if they do not want to think about it or just want to finish the survey faster. This could affect the reliability and validity of the instrument and result. The researchers could ha ve put an anchor for the mid-point as well so that all participants can see the mid-point in the same way. The participants could also use the mid-point as a way of avoiding decision. This is especially so since the scale measures hierarchy-enhancing beliefs and rule compliance, both of which could inflict a certain extent of social desirability on the participants. Furthermore, the scale was put on a survey which essentially is a self-reported measure and they can choose whichever choice they feel like (Wan, 2014). This will make the effect of social desirability even stronger. The scores measured might not be a representation of what they actually feel, but a reflection of what they feel is morally right. Thirdly, a manipulation check was done as they asked participants to â€Å"describe what happened and how they felt in the situation†. This can help provide evidence for construct validity of manipulation and help make sure that status have indeed been manipulated (White McBurney, 2013). This will help ensure that the status manipulation has been properly executed, and the results had been obtained in the presence of successful manipulation and not due to chance. This is especially important for participant manipulation as the manipulation might not have the intended effect on the participant as it is subjected to the participant’s interpretation (Gravetter Forzano, 2011). Fourthly, as participants are only being manipulated to experience one condition (either a high status or low status condition), the study uses a between subject design. Researchers can be sure that the scores will not be influenced by factors like sensitization of knowing what is being measured and as a result, the possibility of having a good-subject tendency (Wan, 2014). Participants will also not experience the effects of order effect such as carryover of perceived status as compared to a study that uses a within subject design. However, as the individuals cannot act as their own control as they can in a within subject design, the study is subjected to individual differences such as family upbringing, emotions and personality, all of which can influence the result (Wan, 2014). Individual differences can produce high variability in the scores (Gravetter Forzano, 2011). They can also become confounding variables (University of Arizona, 2006). The study limited the confounding thro ugh randomization (University of Arizona, 2006). The participants were randomly assigned to either of the two conditions. This helps to reduce or eliminate the systematic differences between the two groups, achieving group equivalence. Hence, the internal validity of the study, which is important for the study as it is trying to establish relationships between two variables, is increased (White McBurney, 2013). Furthermore, two dependent variables are being measured in one study. The effect of manipulation might have worn off or be diminished by the time participants answered the second survey on hierarchy enhancing beliefs. The order in which the surveys were given and filled up might have been important in the degree to which participants agree or disagree with the items in the survey. However, the external validity might have been lowered as the study might have a biased sampling frame and the method of selection of participants was not mentioned. Firstly, the study could have a biased sampling frame. Unless the market research firm has a wide reach of participants that spread across the country, they had only sampled from a small set of cities and towns in the whole of America. By systematically excluding all US working adults who lives in other parts of United States of America (USA), valid generalizations about the entire American population could not be drawn from this data and results (Wan, 2014). This is assuming that the population that the study is investigating is the whole of USA. The assumption was made as the hypothesis did not specify the population it will be investigating. By stating â€Å"people†, it could mean people around the world, people in America, or people in a specific state. Secondly, random selection of the sample was not mentioned. Hence, it might not be representative of the population, lowering the external validity of the study (Wan, 2014). However, this might not be that important as the goal of the study was to establish a relationship between the two variables and not to generate a result that could be generalized across the population. Since, there might be limited resources, it is wise to only choose one validity; internal validity was more important than external validity in this study that investigates the relationship of variables (Wan, 2014). This weakness will not affect the conclusion that much. In conclusion, the use of online survey, likert scale, and manipulation checks had made the study better. However, the reduced external validity might make it difficult for the results of this study to be generalized. Tan Jun Xuan References: Gravetter, F., Forzano, L.-A. (2011). Research Methods for the Behavioural Sciences. United States of America: Cengage Learning. Hinz, A., Michalski, D., Schwarz, R., Herzberg, P. Y. (2007). The acquiescence effect in responding to a questionnaire. Psychosocial Med. University of Arizona (2006). Ch8 Between-subjects design [Powerpoint slides]. Retrieved from: www.u.arizona.edu/~dusana/psych290Bpresession06/notes/Ch8%20Between-subjects%20desing.ppt Wan, C. (2014). HP1100 Sem1 1415 Week 2 Slides [Powerpoint slides]. Retrieved from: ntulearn.ntu.edu.sg Wan, C. (2014). HP1100 Sem1 1415 Week 3 Slides [Powerpoint slides]. Retrieved from: ntulearn.ntu.edu.sg Wan, C. (2014). HP1100 Sem1 1415 Week 4 Slides [Powerpoint slides]. Retrieved from: ntulearn.ntu.edu.sg White, T. L., McBurney, D. H. (2013). Research Methods. United States of America: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.

Martin Luther King Jr. Headed Research Essay

Martin Luther King Jr was a well known civil rights leader in the 1960’s. He inspired many African Americans with his speeches and his non-violent movement. He had vision, courage and concern three out of the six characteristics mention by Campbell (2002) that create a leader. Even though he was well know for stopping segregation it is important to study his effective leadership. Many High School students have studied about Martin Luther King Jr. However, there is much more to King. We need to study his courage to step up and create sit-ins and protest, concern for others right and vision to tie all these in and make them possible. In addition, we need to look into these characteristics that made him a strong catalyst for change. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the findings about the leadership and characteristics of Martin Luther King Jr. Also adding to how this leader improved the reading and writing skills to this papers author. The questions posed for the research described here are the following: 1. What important findings were made during this research? a. Why was he concerned about the rights they had? b. How did sit-ins and boycotts help King? c. What did it take to accomplish his goal? 2. Which of the leaders personal characteristics seem to be most important for his success as a catalyst for change? 3. What did the author of this paper learn about him/herself as the research, reading and writing for this assignment progress? 4. What conclusion can be drawn from this research? Findings about the Leader Martin Luther King Jr most important accomplishment was concerned about the civil rights that black people had King tried to protect the freedom of discrimination based on â€Å"gender, religion, race, national origin, age or sexual orientation.† (History Alive ch. 46) King wanted to give African Americans their rights to freedom of speech. he saw to gain equality through the world. also King wanted to stop the discrimination that was mostly based on race. this would stop the segregation that was going on and open the doors of opportunity and a better community. Much of Kings work was controversial during the time in which he lived. People opposed King because he encouraged sit-ins and boycotts. In one of the many sit-ins four college students sat in white people spots and refused to move because they were not getting served. The students dressed like they were going to church and the sit-in lasted for almost two weeks. Many white people fought the black people and the black people were arrested. They were able to get bailed for fifty dollars or do the thirty-three days in jail. Then the marches started and one girl marched up to the mayor and she said that it was unfair. Three weeks later black people got served.(History Alive.p 69) In the Montgomery Bus Boycotts was organized because of the segregated buses. The boycott lasted 328 days with no one riding the bus. Martin Luther King Jr lead the black people in this boycott. In 1955 black people had to sit in the back of the bus and white people sat in the front, sometimes black people had to give up their seats. Black boycott leaders got attacked by white people. Some of which got their homes bombed. Even though they were attacked they stuck to their non-violent system. eleven months later the segregation was considered unconstitutional. King said that, â€Å"it wasn’t a victory for them or whites, but justice and good will.† (History Alive. p 69) Kings ideas were important for the time in which he lived. People opposed King because they knew he would accomplish his goals. It took a lot of Kings time to accomplish desegregation and equality, but he was able to accomplish all the sit-ins, boycotts and marches with the help and support from his family, church and his followers who wanted the justice that King wanted to achieve. The Leader’s Personal Characteristics The three personal characteristics that, according to Campbell are necessary to become a strong exceptional leader are vision, concern and courage. These three characteristics best describe Martin Luther King Jr. King’s vision was shown through his speeches, sit-ins and boycotts. King wanted the future of his people and the future generation of young African Americans to be better and equal. He wanted to put a stop to the segregation and the discrimination that was going on through this time period. King knew that his vision would come true when these problems would come to an end. King wasn’t concern for himself only. He was concern for the entire African American community. King tried to prevent the hate that was being shown by the white people towards the black people to stop. Once this stopped King knew that the children growing up in this time period wouldn’t grow up with the same hatred shown by their parents. He wanted to put a stop to all of it so it wouldn’t spread to the young minds of the children as well as in the parents. This was all accomplished by King through his courage. He went through many risks. King not only put his life in danger, but the life of his family and his followers. The sit-ins, boycotts and marches brought hate and violence to King and his followers as well. There were times that they experienced mob attacks and bombings on their own home. All of which put King in danger for following and making justice happen. Fighting for every ones rights using non-violent movement was difficult, but courageous. King using this type of movement was significant and brave because he didn’t fight back when they would get attack and going out with this movement in mind against all those people that apposed King showed his true leadership skills. Learning about Myself as a Reader and Writer This experience has made me a better reader because it helped me improve my note taking and helped me focus on a certain topic. My note taking has become more in depth and I’m able to pull out the important part or parts of the articles were are reading. Having focused notes also helped me stay focus on this topic. I learned how to focus on a specific topic for each paragraph in my essay. Writing was a difficult part for me because I didn’t know exactly what I had to write about sometimes, or I wouldn’t have a clear sense of direction, or explanation to what I was, or had to do. This caused me a lot of confusion, so that leads into why I didn’t do so well in my papers. It was the little assignments we got that confused me the most because I didn’t find a connection from the little assignments to the bigger one. Also because we mixed how to write the paper along with finding facts and integrating sources. It would have been more helpful if we had spilt that into two different sections and having one section to do with MLK, finding the facts and integrating sources as one section and how to write the paper as another. The things I need to work on the most are writing and making connections with the assignments provided. Due to the fact that, that was my point of confusion during the assignment. Also it was writing that I scored the lowest in and this shows that I didn’t become a better writer throughout the course of this assignment Conclusion Where are we in racial equality today? what would Martin Luther King Jr think or do? Today were are not as bad in racial equality as in the time of Martin Luther King Jr, but we do experience racial hate and judgement today, mostly against Hispanics. If King was alive today, his reaction would probably be the same as when he experienced the discrimination against African Americans. He probably wouldn’t like the way people are being treated and would feel the same type of tension he did when he was a catalyst for change in the 1900’s. King would try to find away to help and also make this stop by using the same method, such as non-violent movement. King would have to change his way of solving this to get the same success he had if he tried to be a catalyst for change during this era because of the different time periods Citations Campbell, Scott. â€Å"Great Leaders Grow Deep Roots The Six Characteristics of Expectional Leaders.† . N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Jan 2012. . King, M.. â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail.† â€Å"letter from a birmingham jail†. University of Pennsylvania, 1963. Web. 8 Dec 2011. Carson, Clayborne, et. al. of the Martin Luther King Research and Education Institute. The Martin Luther King, Jr. encyclopedia. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut. 2008. Goff, Brent. History Alive!: Pursuing American Ideals. Teachers Curriculum Inst, 2008. Web. .

Of mice and men †dreams and hope Essay

Hopes and dreams help people survive even if they never become real. How true is this for the characters in ‘Of Mice and Men’? The novel ‘Of mice and Men’ was written by John Steinbeck and is set in Salinas and Soledad California in the 1930s when life was hard for so many people because of the great depression. A major theme of John Steinbeck’s novel ‘of mice and men’ is the American dream and the drive to attain it. There are two major themes in ‘of mice and men’ novel that is foreshadowed by the reference to Robert Burns’ poem called â€Å"To a mouse† the word mouse within the title means loneliness and dreams. (BBC Bitesize, 2014:2) This poem contains the lines, â€Å"The best laid plans of mice and men/ often go awry† Most of the main characters in â€Å"Of Mice and Men† harbour dreams and have plans that never come true. George, Lennie, and Candy all share a doomed dream of buying their own f arm and living off the land. George often thinks about how his life he could have had as an unrestricted bachelor and free of the burden of caring for Lennie. â€Å"If I was alone I could live so easy,† he says. (Steinbeck, 1965:12) However, Lennie has his own private dream of living in a cave with his own rabbits but Curley’s wife regrets the missed chance to become a movie star. The main theme throughout this novel is that people must learn to reconcile their dreams with the reality to accept that everyone’s best laid plans often die. Each of the characters plans go askew not because they give up on them but because the forces beyond their control destroyed each one of them. Due to the bleak economic outlook of the Great Depression coming to terms with your broken dreams was the reality nearly everyone in America faced. The American Dream is written into the Declaration of Independence: â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.† â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.† With these protections, any American, regardless of class, religion, gender, and eventually race, could always strive—and even sometimes succeed—at improving himself via wealth, education, or labour. (SparkNotes, 2014). George and Lennie’s dream about owning a farm and living off the â€Å"fatta the lan† (Steinbeck, 1965:16) symbolises this dream. In the novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† shows that the American Dream became an illusion and a trap for the poor migrant workers during the Great Depression. Every single one of the ranch  workers in the novel dream of life, liberty and happiness but not one of them ever gets is. When Crooks hears of George and Lennie’s dream of owning their farm he says â€Å"Nobody ever gets to heaven, and nobody gets no land.† (Steinbeck, 1965:84). Although the ranch workers dreams may not be realised, the novel suggest that in order for a person’s life to be full and meaningful it has to contain some sort of dream. At the end of the novel George and Lennie never achieved their dream but it did hold their remarkable friendship together throughout the story, for them this dream was real even if it was just there imagination because kept Lennie happy and it stopped George from becoming a mean and lonely guy like the other ranch workers. The dream gives them life, even if life never allows them to achieve their dreams. This novel explores the changing aspects of male friendship during this period this is shown when Lennie asks George to tell him why they are not like the other ranchers; George tells him â€Å"we got a future Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They don’t belong no place†¦.With us it ain’t like that. We got a future†¦. An’ why? Because†¦because I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you, and that’s why.† (Steinbeck, 1965:15) this is George’s way of sayi ng he and Lennie are different to the other workers. It could also be suggested that the word ‘future’ could be a metaphor for something bright and so much greater then what they have got now, which could be linked to their version of the American Dream and to ‘live off the fatta the lan’. (Steinbeck, 1965:16) this could almost suggest a biblical meaning like a promised land where all their dreams could come true. This dream helps George and Lennie to endure the hardship they face each day and to help them not to give in to despair. Usually the men who worked on these ranches would have no family, friends so therefore no future. Their friendship strikes the other ranch workers as odd due to their dependency on each other. This makes the boss and Curley suspicious and Slim observes that ranch workers rarely travel together because they’re scared of each other. Although most of the men in the novel are completely alone they still all crave true friendship. As Crooks, perhaps the novel’s most solitary character because of his black skin puts it, â€Å"A guy needs somebody—to be near him.† (Steinbeck, 1965:82) All the characters in the novel long for friendship and kindness but yet they all live in fear of one  another. This is shown with the tough shooting of Candy’s dog which makes it clear that during the Great Depression if you are useless, old or weak you will certainly be destroyed because the strong and the useful will fight for survival. All the workers on the ranch would constantly try to make themselves look strong especially if they feeling weak. The fear of the weak being overrun by the strong could explain why Curley likes to fight a larger men then he is â€Å"Curley’s pretty handy. He done quite a bit in the ring. He’s a light weight and he’s handy† (Steinbeck, 1965:29) and it could also be why Crooks tells Lennie that George is going to abandon him. Then Curleyâ₠¬â„¢s wife threatens to have Crooks lynched. Each of these characters tries to appear strong by asserting power over one another. This fear of being the strongest explains why the other characters in novel find it hard to understand George and Lennie’s friendship because they see being the strongest as a fight for survival. In ‘Of Mice and Men’ it has two different visions of women in it the first is the male character view and the second is the novel’s view of women. The male characters view on women which is they tend to view the women with fear and negatively labelling them as dangerous sexual temptresses. The male workers often referred to Curley’s wife with insulting words like a â€Å"tart† (Steinbeck, 1965:31) and â€Å"jail bait† (Steinbeck, 1965:36). George and Lennie have a friend in prison â€Å"on account of a tart† (Steinbeck, 1965:63) plus they have had their own troubles twice as a result from a woman. The first the women from Weeds and the second is Curley’s wife. Although she plays into her role as sexy temptress throughout the novel until the last part of it where is a victim. Curley’s wife craves the attention of the men on the ranch because she’s desperately lonely so she flaunts her power over the men because she h erself feels weak. There are a number of symbols within the novel that have different meanings these are George and Lennie’s farm, the rabbits that Lennie keeps talking about, Candy’s old dog and also Lennie’s puppy. The dream of owning a farm for George and Lennie is a symbol of the American Dream. This fantasy of owning their own farm leads George, Lennie and the other ranch workers such as Candy and Crooks to indulge in the dream of living â€Å"off the fatta the lan† (Steinbeck, 1965:16). George’s rich description of the farm’s lavish plants and animals also makes it seem like a symbol of paradise. While Lennie dreams of tending to the rabbits on the farm that he and George hope to own  one day. This dream forms Lennie’s complete innocence. Lennie enjoys touching anything that has a soft fur such as rabbits and mice due to this love of touching soft things leads to his fate. This symbolise not just innocence but also Lennie’s downfall of innocence in the harsh world that he lives. The next symbol is Candy’s old but once powerful sheepdog. For Carlson killing Candy’s dog makes it clear that during the Great Depression those who was strong would only survive. The way that Carlson kills Candy’s dog in the back of the head with just a single gunshot is foreshadowing how George will kill Lennie in the end. The link between Lennie and Candy’s dog is that they are powerless, innocent and doomed from the start. The symbol of Lennie’s puppy shows how dependent Lennie is on George, just as the puppy is dependent on Lennie. The puppy symbolise the fate of the weak in the face of the strong.

The Importance Of Probation Kiosks For An Office Visit

Any time new or advanced technology is introduced to a workplace, it is almost always with the goal of making processes more efficient. Probation kiosks are no different. Ultimately, the end goal is to make things easier for supervising officers and for offenders. Officers can use the kiosks to collect information they normally would have to do face-to-face. Address/phone number changes, employment data, drug/alcohol treatment updates, and payment information are just a few of the conditions that offenders talk about during an office visit. Offenders are typically scheduled for particular times on their report day to cut down on wait time and capitalize on officer availability. However, there are numerous factors that can lead to a lobby getting filled up and lead to potential issues while offenders wait to be seen. Kiosks offer the opportunity to collect needed information and enable offenders to quickly report. This research will utilize some qualitative and quantitative app roaches. Given that this project began with research surrounding departments utilizing kiosks, this literature review will continue throughout the project. This will result in a final project that highlights successes and failures in regards to kiosk reporting. Additionally, the literature review will touch on how to supervise low/moderate/high risk offenders and justification for the use of kiosks on low risk offenders (thus providing officers more time to focus on high risk offenders). Any